By: Dr. Jay Jesske D.M.V.

February is National Pet Dental Health Month. Many people do not think about dental care for their pets. It is estimated that 80 percent of dogs and 70 percent of cats show signs of dental disease by three years of age. Therefore, it is important to remember your pet's dental care.

Dental disease is the most frequently diagnosed problem in pets. The most common symptoms of dental disease are bad breath, a build-up of tarter along the gum line, bleeding of the gums and pain when your pet is eating. It is important to have an annual physical exam including an examination of your pet's teeth and gums. Your veterinarian can then make recommendations for appropriate dental care which may include professional cleaning and polishing in the hospital, a diet change and at home dental care.

Oral disease begins with the development of plaque on your pet's teeth. Plaque forms when bacteria combined with food particles and debris multiply on the pet's teeth and gums. As bacteria grow and as calcium salts are deposited, plaque turns to tarter. These substances irritate the gums causing gingivitis. As this process advances, it can cause the teeth to loosen, the gums to bleed, bad breath and pain leading to periodontal disease.

Gingivitis can be treated and reversed by removing and controlling plaque. However, periodontitis can only be contained to prevent progression. As the disease advances, bacteria from the teeth and gums can also enter the blood stream and travel to major organs causing an infection. The organs most commonly affected are the heart, kidneys and liver.

Dental disease can be treated and prevented. If you suspect a problem, take your pet to your veterinarian for a dental exam and appropriate treatment. Your pet may need a dental cleaning and polishing under general anesthesia.

Anesthesia is necessary as your pet must remain completely still during the procedure. Any movement of your pet's head could result in an injury from a sharp dental instrument. In addition, the bacteria and particles under the gum line must be removed.

Today's anesthetics are safer than ever before. Your veterinarian will perform a preanesthetic workup, which may include a blood panel, EKG and radiographs. Monitoring your pet during the procedure also increases the safety of anesthesia. Discuss the risks of anesthesia verses the benefits of treatment with your veterinarian.

Follow-up care at home is essential to maintaining your pet's oral health. Brush or wipe teeth regularly. Use toothpaste made specifically for dogs and cats. Human toothpaste should not be swallowed. Your veterinarian can show you the proper way to brush your pet's teeth.

There are specific nutritional supplements and foods available that help remove and prevent plaque and tartar build-up. Also, allow your pet to chew on toys and treats that are made to help keep your pet's teeth clean. You will want to look for product with the VOHC seal, which means the products have been approved by the Veterinary Oral Health Council.

Proper dental care is important to maintaining your pet's well being. Monitor your pet's oral health by scheduling regular checkups with your veterinarian. For more information on pet dental care, contact your veterinarian.

The entire contents of this publication are © Copyright 2010 The Omaha Newspapers and may not ethically nor legally be reproduced in whole or in part without the written permission of the Publisher.